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UFO

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by yonatan 03 Apr 2012
  • Forked from yonatan's rectangular leaves
  • Diff: 195
  • Related works: 10
  • Talk

    makc3d at 03 Apr 2012 16:47
    nvm, I probably imagining things
    yonatan at 03 Apr 2012 16:50
    I don't think it's underground (cam y is set at line 118), but there are some horrible clipping problems when tree roots are behind the camera. I think the problem is in the isEscaped function but I don't have a fix...
    yonatan at 03 Apr 2012 16:53
    btw, the color scheme is stolen from http://i.imgur.com/LgqkK.jpg

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/**
 * Copyright yonatan ( http://wonderfl.net/user/yonatan )
 * MIT License ( http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php )
 * Downloaded from: http://wonderfl.net/c/fxqw
 */

// forked from yonatan's rectangular leaves
// forked from yonatan's foggy forest/orchard
// forked from yonatan's fake infinity
// forked from yonatan's 1089 more trees
package {
    import flash.display.*;
    import flash.events.*;
    import flash.geom.*;
    import flash.utils.*;
    import com.bit101.components.*;
    import net.hires.debug.Stats;

    [SWF(width="465", height="465", frameRate="60", backgroundColor="0x404040")]
    public class main extends Sprite {
        private var debugMode:Boolean = false;

        public static const VS:int = 465; // viewport size
        public static const HVS:int = VS/2;
        public static const SS:int = 465; // stage size
        public static const HSS:int = SS/2;
        private const LINE_WIDTH_FACTOR:Number = 0.75;
        private const BRANCH_SCALE:Number = 0.85;//0.74;
        private const INIT_SIZE:Number = 120;
        private const GRID_CELLS:Number = debugMode ? 2 : 20;
        private const CELL_SIZE:Number = debugMode ? 1500 : 500;
        private var sigl:SiGLCore = new SiGLCore(VS, VS);
        private var treeModifier:Number = 0;
        private var randomness:Number = 0.5;
        private var leafiness:Number = 1;
        private var cbDrawAll:CheckBox;
        private var cbDraw:CheckBox;
        private var camSpeed:Number = 0.4;
        private var cam:SiGLMatrix = new SiGLMatrix;
        private var lastFrameTime:int = 0;
        private var minThickness:Number = 1;
        private var targetFPS:int = 24;
        private var maskAlpha:Number = 0.5;//1;
        private var mt:Label;
        private var mtx:Matrix = new Matrix; // temp matrix
        private var tv:Vector3D = new Vector3D;
        private var ui:Sprite = new Sprite;
        private var lines:Vector.<Line> = new Vector.<Line>;

        private var fogR:Number = 1
        private var fogG:Number = 0xc9 / 255;
        private var fogB:Number = 0x88 / 255;

        private var timeLimit:int;
        private var recLimited:int;

        private var cx:Number;
        private var cz:Number;
        private var cy:Number;

        public function main() {
            stage.quality = "medium";
            //stage.scaleMode = "noScale";
            x = y = HSS;
            addChild(ui);
            with(ui.addChild(new Stats)) {x=-HSS; y=HSS-90};
            sigl.setZRange(-1000, 4000 + Math.SQRT2 * GRID_CELLS/2 * CELL_SIZE);

            addEventListener("enterFrame", onEnterFrame);

            var uix:int = -HSS+5, uiy:int = -HSS+5;
            var that:main = this;
            function _slider(txt:String, valVar:String, min:Number, max:Number, val:Number):void {
                var s:HUISlider = new HUISlider(ui, uix, uiy, txt, function(e:Event):void { that[valVar] = e.target.value; });
                s.minimum = min; s.maximum = max; that[valVar] = s.value = val; uiy += 16;
            }

            // cbDrawAll = new CheckBox(ui, uix, uiy, "Draw all computed branches (incl. clipped ones)"); uiy += 16;
            // cbDraw = new CheckBox(ui, uix, uiy, "Draw"); uiy += 16;
            // cbDraw.selected = true;
            _slider("Target FPS", "targetFPS", 6, 40, 24);
            _slider("Orchard/Forest", "randomness", 0, 1, 1);
            // _slider("Tree Modifier", "treeModifier", -1, 3, 0);
            _slider("Leafiness", "leafiness", 0.2, 1, 0.75);
            // _slider("Mask alpha", "maskAlpha", 0.5, 1, 1);

            if(debugMode) {
                _slider("cx", "cx", -100, 100, 0)//-931.0);
                _slider("cy", "cy", -1500, 0, -1500)//-503.4); // <---!!!
                _slider("cz", "cz", -1, 1, 0)//-833.3);
            }

            new FPSMeter(ui, HSS-100, -HSS+5);
            mt = new Label(ui, HSS-250, -HSS+5+18);
            ui.graphics.beginFill(0xffffff, 0.5);
            ui.graphics.drawRect(-HSS, -HSS, SS, uiy+HSS+5);
            ui.graphics.endFill();
            stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVE, function(e:*):void { ui.visible = true; });
            stage.addEventListener(Event.MOUSE_LEAVE, function(e:*):void { ui.visible = false; });
            ui.visible = false;
        }

        private function onEnterFrame(e:Event):void {
            var t:int = getTimer();
            var renderTime:int = t - lastFrameTime;
            lastFrameTime = t;
            timeLimit = 500/targetFPS;
            var timeDiff:Number = Math.abs(renderTime - 1000/targetFPS);
            if(timeDiff > 200/targetFPS) { // don't adjust unless we have to (reduces flicker)
                minThickness *= (renderTime > 1000/targetFPS) ? 1.1 : 0.99;
                if(minThickness < (1-BRANCH_SCALE)) minThickness = (1-BRANCH_SCALE);
            }
            mt.text = "Min. thickness: " + minThickness.toFixed(2);
            graphics.clear();

            //t = 29000 + t % 7000; // clipping problem
            //t = 68000 + t % 7000; // looking down at center tree
            // if(debugMode) mt.text = String(getTimer());

            if(!debugMode) {
                t -= 10000;
                cx = Math.sin(t/(5678/camSpeed)) * 1500;
                cz = Math.cos(t/(4567/camSpeed)) * 1500;
                cy = (Math.cos(t/(3456/camSpeed)) - 1) * 550;
            }

            var camrz:Number = 15 * Math.sin(t/(3456/2/camSpeed));
            cam.id().prependTranslation(cx, cy, cz);
            var tt:Number = 1-Math.abs(Math.sin(t/(12345/camSpeed)));
            var ty:Number = tt * -INIT_SIZE/BRANCH_SCALE + (1-tt) * -999;
            cam.lookAt(cx,cy,cz, 0,ty,0, 0,1,0, 1);
            cam.appendRotation(camrz, Vector3D.Z_AXIS);
            sigl.setCameraMatrix(cam);

            tv.setTo(-cx, 0, -cz);
            tv.normalize();
            tv.scaleBy(sigl.zFar);
            tv.x += cx;
            tv.z += cz;
            sigl.id().m(sigl.projectionMatrix).t(tv.x, tv.y, tv.z);
            projxy(tv);
            mtx.createGradientBox(VS, VS, -Math.PI/2 + camrz/180*Math.PI, -HVS + tv.x, -HVS + tv.y);
            //graphics.beginGradientFill("linear",[0xffffff,0xf0f0f0,0xffffff],[1,1,1],[64,128,255],mtx,"pad","rgb",0);
            graphics.beginGradientFill("linear",[0xffc988,0xffd18e,0xfee895],[1,1,1],[132,177,255],mtx,"pad","rgb",0);
            //graphics.beginFill(0);//debug
            
            graphics.drawRect(-HVS, -HVS, VS, VS);
            graphics.endFill();

            sigl.id().m(sigl.modelViewProjectionMatrix); // work in projected space, no need to transform in projxy()...
            var rnd:Number = 0;
            var i:int = 0;
            var halfSide:Number = GRID_CELLS/2 * CELL_SIZE;
            recLimited = 0;
            for(var x:int = -halfSide; x <= halfSide; x += CELL_SIZE) {
                for(var z:int = -halfSide; z <= halfSide; z += CELL_SIZE) {
                    rnd = (rnd * 1664525 + 1013904223) & 0xffffffff;
                    var r1:Number = rnd/0xffffffff * randomness;
                    rnd = (rnd * 1664525 + 1013904223) & 0xffffffff;
                    var r2:Number = rnd/0xffffffff * randomness;
                    var h:Number = r1 * 0.5 + 0.75;
                    var w:Number = (1-r1) * 0.5 + 0.75;
                    sigl.push().t(x + CELL_SIZE * 0.75 * r1, 0, z + CELL_SIZE * 0.75 * r2).r(rnd, Vector3D.Y_AXIS).s(w,h,w);
                    tree(INIT_SIZE);
                    sigl.pop();
                }
            }
            mt.text += " RL " + recLimited;

            sigl.t(0, -999, 0);
            tetra(75, getTimer()/21, getTimer()/34);

            lines.sort(Line.comparator);
            for(i=0; i<lines.length; i++) {
                lines[i].draw(graphics);
                Line.free(lines[i]);
            }
            lines.length = 0;

            // // horizon marker
            // graphics.beginFill(0xff0000);
            // graphics.drawCircle(tv.x, tv.y, 2);
            // graphics.endFill();

            graphics.lineStyle();
            graphics.beginFill(0xa0a0a0, cbDrawAll && cbDrawAll.selected ? 0.5 : 1); // maskAlpha);
            graphics.drawRect(-HSS, -HSS, SS, SS);
            graphics.drawRect(-HVS, -HVS, VS, VS);
            graphics.endFill();
        }
        
        private function isEscaped(v:Vector3D, limit:Number):Boolean {
            // might as well check our timing while we're here...
            if(getTimer() > lastFrameTime + timeLimit) { // panic!
                minThickness *= 2;
                timeLimit += 250/targetFPS;
            }

            // actual bounds check
            var l:Number = HVS + limit * 2 / v.w;
            return !(
                v.z > sigl.zNear-limit && v.z < sigl.zFar//+limit
                && v.x > -l && v.x < l
                && v.y > -l && v.y < l
            )
        }

        private function isClipped(p1:Vector3D, p2:Vector3D, thickness:Number):Boolean {
            var limit:Number = HVS + thickness;
            return(
                (p1.x < -limit && p2.x < -limit) || 
                (p1.x > limit && p2.x > limit) || 
                (p1.y < -limit && p2.y < -limit) || 
                (p1.y > limit && p2.y > limit) || 
                p1.z < sigl.zNear+sigl.focalLength || p2.z < sigl.zNear+sigl.focalLength ||
                p1.z > sigl.zFar || p2.z > sigl.zFar
            );
        }

        private function projxy(v:Vector3D):void {
            sigl.matrix.copyColumnTo(3, v);
            //v.w = v.z/sigl.focalLength;
            v.x /= v.w;
            v.y /= v.w;
            
            if(isNaN(v.x)) throw v;
        }

        private var p1:Vector3D = new Vector3D, p2:Vector3D = new Vector3D;
        private function tree(size:Number, maxRec:int = 1000):void {
            if(!maxRec) recLimited++;
            sigl.push();
            projxy(p1);
            size *= BRANCH_SCALE;
            sigl.t(0, -size, 0);
            projxy(p2);
            
            if(!isEscaped(p1, size / BRANCH_SCALE / (1 - BRANCH_SCALE))) {
                // crude clipping
                var r:Number, g:Number, b:Number;
                var color:uint;
                var alpha:Number = 1;//Math.min(1, thickness-minThickness+1);//thickness/minThickness-1;
                // thickness
                var t1:Number = 0.5 * size * LINE_WIDTH_FACTOR / p1.w;
                var t2:Number = 0.5 * size * LINE_WIDTH_FACTOR / p2.w * BRANCH_SCALE;
                var normZ:Number = p2.z/sigl.zFar;
                var fog:Number = (1-Math.pow(1-normZ, 8));
                var calcChildren:Boolean;

                calcChildren = maxRec && t1 > minThickness;

                if(!calcChildren) {
                    var sf:Number = leafiness/(1-BRANCH_SCALE);
                    t1 *= sf;
                    p2.x -= (p1.x-p2.x)*sf;
                    p2.y -= (p1.y-p2.y)*sf;
                    p2.z -= (p1.z-p2.z)*sf;

                    // 241, 154, 59
                    // 0.9450980392156862 0.6039215686274509 0.23137254901960785
                    r = fog * fogR + (1-fog) * 0x51/512;//0.10;//05;
                    g = fog * fogG + (1-fog) * 0x68/512;//0.25;//10;
                    b = fog * fogB + (1-fog) * 0x1f/512;//0.20;//21;
                } else {
                    r = fog * fogR + (1-fog) * 0.12;
                    g = fog * fogG + (1-fog) * 0.07;
                    b = fog * fogB + (1-fog) * 0.03;
                }
                
                if(!maxRec) r = 1; // paint red if too much recursion

                if((cbDrawAll && cbDrawAll.selected && p1.w>1 && p2.w>1) || !isClipped(p1, p2, t1)) {
                    if(!cbDraw || cbDraw.selected) {
                        //debug if(normZ>0.8) alpha = 1-(normZ-0.8)*10;
                        color = (r*255<<16) + (g*255<<8) + b*255;
                        lines.push(Line.alloc(p1.x, p1.y, t1, p2.x, p2.y, t2, 0.5*(p1.z+p2.z), color, alpha));
                    }
                }

                if(calcChildren) {
                    sigl.r(221, Vector3D.Y_AXIS);
                    tree(size, maxRec-1);
                    sigl.t(0,size*-treeModifier,0).r(40, Vector3D.X_AXIS)//.s(1.33,0.5,1.33);
                    tree(size/BRANCH_SCALE*0.66, maxRec-1);
                }
            }
            sigl.pop();
        }

        private var center:Vector3D = new Vector3D;
        private var tetraPoints:Array = [[-1,-1,0],[1,-1,0],[0,1,-1],[0,1,1]];
        private function tetra(size:Number, rx:Number, ry:Number):void {
            projxy(center);
            //if(isInBounds(p1, size/BRANCH_SCALE / (1 - BRANCH_SCALE))) {
            if(isEscaped(center, size*4.5)) return;
            var cx:Number = center.x, cy:Number = center.y, cz:Number = center.z, cw:Number = center.w;
            sigl.re(rx, ry, 0);
            var th:Number = size * LINE_WIDTH_FACTOR / cw;
            var th2:Number = th*0.25;//th*0.6666;
            var final:Boolean = th*0.5 < minThickness;
            var nextSize:Number = size*0.6666;

            var r:Number, g:Number, b:Number;
            r=0.25;
            g=0.01;
            b=0.1;
            var color:uint;
            var normZ:Number = center.z/sigl.zFar;
            var fog:Number = (1-Math.pow(1-normZ, 6));
            r = fog * fogR + (1-fog) * r;
            g = fog * fogG + (1-fog) * g;
            b = fog * fogB + (1-fog) * b;
            color = (r*255<<16) + (g*255<<8) + b*255;

            if(final) {
                size *= 1.5;
                th /= 0.5*LINE_WIDTH_FACTOR;
            }

            for each(var c:Array in tetraPoints) {
                sigl.push().t(size*c[0], size*c[1], size*c[2]);
                projxy(tv);
                if(!isClipped(center, tv, th)) lines.push(Line.alloc(cx, cy, th, tv.x, tv.y, th2, 0.5*(cz+tv.z), color, 1));
                if(!final) tetra(nextSize, rx, ry);
                sigl.pop();
            }
        }
    }
}

import flash.display.*;
import flash.geom.*;

class Line {
    static private var _freeList:Vector.<Line> = new Vector.<Line>();
    public var x1:Number, y1:Number, t1:Number, x2:Number, y2:Number, t2:Number, z:Number, color:Number, alpha:Number;
    public static function free(line:Line):void { _freeList.push(line); }
    public static function alloc(x1:Number, y1:Number, t1:Number, x2:Number, y2:Number, t2:Number, z:Number, color:Number, alpha:Number):Line {
        var l:Line = _freeList.pop() || new Line();
        l.x1 = x1; l.y1 = y1; l.t1 = t1; l.x2 = x2; l.y2 = y2; l.t2 = t2; l.z = z; l.color = color; l.alpha = alpha;
        return l;
    }
    public static function comparator(a:Line, b:Line):Number { return a.z > b.z ? -1 : 1; }

    private var cmd:Vector.<int> = new <int> [1, 2, 2, 2];
    private var coord:Vector.<Number> = new Vector.<Number>(8,true);
    public function draw(g:Graphics):void {
        var dx:Number = x2-x1;
        var dy:Number = y2-y1;
        var len:Number = Math.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy);
        dx /= len;
        dy /= len;
        var dxt1:Number = dx*t1, dxt2:Number = dx*t2, dyt1:Number = dy*t1, dyt2:Number = dy*t2;
        coord[0] = x1-dyt1; coord[1] = y1+dxt1;
        coord[2] = x1+dyt1; coord[3] = y1-dxt1;
        coord[4] = x2+dyt2; coord[5] = y2-dxt2;
        coord[6] = x2-dyt2; coord[7] = y2+dxt2;
        g.beginFill(color,alpha);
        g.drawPath(cmd, coord); 
        g.endFill();
    }
}

// useful stuff by keim_at_Si (probably from the boolean crystals demo - http://wonderfl.net/c/vpLs )
/** SiGLCore provides basic matrix operations. */
class SiGLCore {
    // variables ----------------------------------------
    public var modelViewMatrix:SiGLMatrix = new SiGLMatrix(), projectionMatrix:SiGLMatrix = new SiGLMatrix();
    public var viewWidth:Number, viewHeight:Number, pointSpriteFieldScale:Point = new Point();
    public var defaultCameraMatrix:SiGLMatrix = new SiGLMatrix(), matrix:SiGLMatrix = modelViewMatrix;
    private var _mvpMatrix:SiGLMatrix = new SiGLMatrix(), _mvpdir:Boolean, _2d:Number, _2r:Number;
    private var _mag:Number, _zNear:Number, _zFar:Number, _fieldOfView:Number, _fl:Number, _alignTopLeft:Boolean = false;
    // properties ----------------------------------------
    public function get modelViewProjectionMatrix() : SiGLMatrix {
        if (_mvpdir) {
            _mvpMatrix.copyFrom(projectionMatrix);
            _mvpMatrix.prepend(modelViewMatrix);
            _mvpdir = false;
        }
        return _mvpMatrix;
    }
    public function get focalLength() : Number { return _fl; }
    public function get zNear() : Number { return _zNear; }
    public function get zFar() : Number { return _zFar; }
    public function get align() : String { return (_alignTopLeft) ? "topLeft" : "center"; }
    public function set align(mode:String) : void { _alignTopLeft = (mode == "topLeft"); _updateProjectionMatrix(); }
    public function get matrixMode() : String { return (matrix === projectionMatrix) ? "projection" : "modelView"; }
    public function set matrixMode(mode:String) : void { matrix = (mode == "projection") ? projectionMatrix : modelViewMatrix; }
    public function get angleMode() : String { return (_2r == 1) ? "radian" : "degree"; }
    public function set angleMode(mode:String) : void { _2d = (mode == "radian") ? 57.29577951308232 : 1; _2r = (mode == "radian") ? 1 : 0.017453292519943295; }
    public function get fieldOfView() : Number { return _fieldOfView / _2r; }
    public function set fieldOfView(fov:Number) : void { _fieldOfView = fov * _2r; _updateProjectionMatrix(); }
    public function get magnification() : Number { return _mag; }
    public function set magnification(mag:Number) : void { _mag = mag; _updateProjectionMatrix(); }
    // constructor ----------------------------------------
    function SiGLCore(width:Number=1, height:Number=1) {
        viewWidth = width; viewHeight = height;
        angleMode = "degree"; _mag = 1;
        _zNear = -1000; _zFar = 200;
        modelViewMatrix.identity();
        _mvpdir = true;
        this.fieldOfView = 60;
    }
    // matrix operations ----------------------------------------
    public function forceUpdateMatrix() : SiGLCore { _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function setZRange(zNear:Number=-100, zFar:Number=100) : SiGLCore { _zNear = zNear; _zFar = zFar; _updateProjectionMatrix(); return this; }
    public function clear() : SiGLCore { matrix.clear(); _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function id() : SiGLCore { matrix.id(); _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function push() : SiGLCore { matrix.push(); return this; }
    public function pop() : SiGLCore { matrix.pop(); _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function rem() : SiGLCore { matrix.rem(); _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function r(a:Number, axis:Vector3D, pivot:Vector3D = null) : SiGLCore { matrix.prependRotation(a*_2d, axis, pivot); matrix._invdir = _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function s(x:Number, y:Number, z:Number=1) : SiGLCore { matrix.prependScale(x, y, z); matrix._invdir = _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function t(x:Number, y:Number, z:Number=0) : SiGLCore { matrix.prependTranslation(x, y, z); matrix._invdir = _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function m(mat:Matrix3D) : SiGLCore { matrix.prepend(mat); matrix._invdir = _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function re(x:Number, y:Number, z:Number) : SiGLCore { matrix.prependRotationXYZ(x*_2r, y*_2r, z*_2r); _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function setCameraMatrix(mat:Matrix3D=null) : SiGLCore { projectionMatrix.rem().prepend(mat || defaultCameraMatrix); _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    private function _updateProjectionMatrix() : void {
        var wh:Number = viewWidth / viewHeight, rev:Number = (_alignTopLeft)?-1:1;
        _fl = (viewHeight * 0.5) / Math.tan(_fieldOfView * 0.5);
        if (_zNear <= -_fl) _zNear = -_fl + 0.001;
        projectionMatrix.clear().perspectiveFieldOfView(_fieldOfView, wh, _zNear+_fl, _zFar+_fl, -1);
        pointSpriteFieldScale.setTo(projectionMatrix.rawData[0] * _fl, projectionMatrix.rawData[5] * _fl);
        projectionMatrix.push();
        defaultCameraMatrix.identity();
        defaultCameraMatrix.prependTranslation(0, 0, -_fl);
        if (_alignTopLeft) defaultCameraMatrix.prependTranslation(viewWidth* 0.5, -viewHeight * 0.5, 0);
        defaultCameraMatrix.prependScale(_mag, _mag * rev, _mag * rev);
        setCameraMatrix();
    }
    public function copyFrom(v:Vector.<Number>, i:uint = 0, t:Boolean = false) : SiGLCore { matrix.copyRawDataFrom(v, i, t); matrix._invdir = _mvpdir = true; return this; }
    public function copyTo(v:Vector.<Number>, i:uint = 0, t:Boolean = false) : SiGLCore { matrix.copyRawDataTo(v, i, t); return this; }
}


/** SiGLMatrix is extention of Matrix3D with push/pop operation */
class SiGLMatrix extends Matrix3D {
    internal var _invdir:Boolean = false, _inv:Matrix3D = new Matrix3D(), _stac:Vector.<Matrix3D> = new Vector.<Matrix3D>();
    static private var _tv:Vector.<Number> = new Vector.<Number>(16, true), _tm:Matrix3D = new Matrix3D();
    static private var _in:Vector.<Number> = new Vector.<Number>(4, true), _out:Vector.<Number> = new Vector.<Number>(4, true);
    public var sp:int = 0;
    public function get inverted() : Matrix3D { if (_invdir) { _inv.copyFrom(this); _inv.invert(); _invdir = false; } return _inv; }
    public function forceUpdateInvertedMatrix() : SiGLMatrix { _invdir=true; return this; }
    public function clear() : SiGLMatrix { sp = 0; return id(); }
    public function id() : SiGLMatrix { identity(); _inv.identity(); return this; }
    public function push() : SiGLMatrix {
        if(_stac.length == sp) _stac.push(new Matrix3D());
        _stac[sp++].copyFrom(this);
        return this; 
    }
    public function pop() : SiGLMatrix {
        this.copyFrom(_stac[--sp]);
        _invdir=true;
        return this;
    }
    public function rem() : SiGLMatrix { this.copyFrom(_stac[sp-1]); _invdir=true; return this; }
    public function prependRotationXYZ(rx:Number, ry:Number, rz:Number) : SiGLMatrix {
        var sx:Number = Math.sin(rx), sy:Number = Math.sin(ry), sz:Number = Math.sin(rz), 
        cx:Number = Math.cos(rx), cy:Number = Math.cos(ry), cz:Number = Math.cos(rz);
        _tv[0] = cz*cy; _tv[1] = sz*cy; _tv[2] = -sy; _tv[4] = -sz*cx+cz*sy*sx; _tv[5] = cz*cx+sz*sy*sx;
        _tv[6] = cy*sx; _tv[8] = sz*sx+cz*sy*cx; _tv[9] = -cz*sx+sz*sy*cx;
        _tv[10] = cy*cx; _tv[14] = _tv[13] = _tv[12] = _tv[11] = _tv[7] = _tv[3] = 0; _tv[15] = 1;
        _tm.copyRawDataFrom(_tv); prepend(_tm); _invdir=true;
        return this;
    }
    public function lookAt(cx:Number, cy:Number, cz:Number, tx:Number=0, ty:Number=0, tz:Number=0, ux:Number=0, uy:Number=1, uz:Number=0, w:Number=0) : SiGLMatrix {
        var dx:Number=tx-cx, dy:Number=ty-cy, dz:Number=tz-cz, dl:Number=-1/Math.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy+dz*dz), 
        rx:Number=dy*uz-dz*uy, ry:Number=dz*ux-dx*uz, rz:Number=dx*uy-dy*ux, rl:Number= 1/Math.sqrt(rx*rx+ry*ry+rz*rz);
        _tv[0]  = (rx*=rl); _tv[4]  = (ry*=rl); _tv[8]  = (rz*=rl); _tv[12] = -(cx*rx+cy*ry+cz*rz) * w;
        _tv[2]  = (dx*=dl); _tv[6]  = (dy*=dl); _tv[10] = (dz*=dl); _tv[14] = -(cx*dx+cy*dy+cz*dz) * w;
        _tv[1]  = (ux=dy*rz-dz*ry); _tv[5]  = (uy=dz*rx-dx*rz); _tv[9]  = (uz=dx*ry-dy*rx); _tv[13] = -(cx*ux+cy*uy+cz*uz) * w;
        _tv[3] = _tv[7] = _tv[11] = 0; _tv[15] = 1; copyRawDataFrom(_tv); _invdir=true;
        return this;
    }
    public function perspectiveFieldOfView(fieldOfViewY:Number, aspectRatio:Number, zNear:Number, zFar:Number, lh:Number=1.0) : void {
        var yScale:Number = 1.0 / Math.tan(fieldOfViewY * 0.5), xScale:Number = yScale / aspectRatio;
        // The matrix from adobe's PerspectiveMatrix3D one is what http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb153308%28v=vs.85%29.aspx 
        // calls "compliant", but this one seems to produce a transformed w that works for my projxy(). I'm not really sure why. This might be wrong.
        var n:Number = 1/((main.HVS) / Math.tan(fieldOfViewY * 0.5));
        this.copyRawDataFrom(Vector.<Number>([xScale,0,0,0,0,yScale,0,0,0,0,zFar/(zFar-0)*lh,n*lh,0,0,0,0]));
        // this.copyRawDataFrom(Vector.<Number>([xScale,0,0,0,0,yScale,0,0,0,0,zFar/(zFar-0)*lh,lh,0,0,0,0]));
    }
    public function transform(vector:Vector3D) : Vector3D {
        _in[0] = vector.x; _in[1] = vector.y; _in[2] = vector.z; _in[3] = vector.w;
        transformVectors(_in, _out); vector.setTo(_out[0], _out[1], _out[2]); vector.w = _out[3];
        return vector;
    }
}